Childhood Constructions Free Essays

Youth is the timeframe extending from early stages to youthfulness (high school) phase of life. Issues, speculations and ideas have been advanced endeavoring to put some significance to adolescence. For example the cutting edge society sees youngsters as aloof and getting by at the kindnesses of the more extensive society. We will compose a custom exposition test on Youth Constructions or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Grown-ups don't look to take in anything from the kids and they accept that youth is a period intended to change kids into reliable grown-ups. There is a need to see adolescence contrastingly to have the option to react emphatically to their necessities and to comprehend the phase as vital in helping us get adulthood and humankind when all is said in done. Actually, youth encounters, assumes an essential job in molding the later phases of life. Youth is seen as a social structure, which decides the perfect foundations where appropriate youth advancement would be guaranteed. For the most part, social structures offer the two open doors one is presented to and constraints are controlled by a child’s financial foundation and its physical blessings (Stearns, 2003). A kid in perfect circumstance is relied upon to have two guardians who give everything and guarantee moral uprightness. The kid is given sufficient opportunity to unwind and has kin. The guardians are required to give security and offices to play. Guardians initiate arrangements for the baby long route before the mother conveys the child. Be that as it may, as far as youth advancement, from a chronicled point of view, the early American culture never commended earliest stages. Youth was portrayed by missing parental consideration, high pace of newborn child mortality. There was not time for taking the child through all the phases of development and improvement. Where guardians were absent because of reasons like passing, little youngsters were accused of the assignment of dealing with the others. In any case, great ethics were maintained all through. Youngster work was predominant just as early relationships. In the late 1700s and mid 1800 there was developing worry on adolescence. Somewhere in the range of 1840s and 1900s financial changes occurring upset the perfect of youngster childhood. Guardians turned out to be increasingly worried about youngsters; they began stressing on kid training. A logical viewpoint was fused in youngster raising whereby kid advancement was firmly observed. Racial concerns emerged. Modern advancement prompted improved measures of life and diminished youth passings. Notwithstanding, a few kids particularly of worker families were still in subjugation. These kids were inadequately rewarded exposed to much work and not permitted to experience formal instruction. A few youngsters wound up in shelters where appropriate consideration was guaranteed. Other youngsters disappeared and still others would wind up biting the dust. In the twentieth century youngsters were viewed as of financial worth. They offered modest work procuring profoundly required wages in the family. There was a rising need to possess the children with work to dishearten laxity. In the contemporary society youngsters are seen starting at less financial worth. Infact adolescence is viewed as a financial obligation. Youngsters, spend a greater amount of parents’ money related assets than they add to the equivalent. Youthful children’s view of things in the US and the world everywhere has been exposed to various impacts. Their entrance to data materials and contraptions like TV, video and PC opens them to a wide field of information. These triggers and animate a psychological procedure that creates a differentiated impression of issues to do with life. For example, programs on TV and recordings demonstrating present day family life would contact issues like youngsters rights. Youngsters secure information on family gives like the job of guardians in a family, profession, and family clashes among different issues at a youthful age. It isn't stunning to understand that a few projects featuring significant family gives like separation, partition, youngster misuse show up on screen long route before the children capitulate to rest. In actuality, the media has caused the kids to feel like they are their own guardians. It is significant that in certain projects, grown-up voices and observations have been superimposed on extremely little youngsters. Sentimental film cuts and real projects are not uncommon on TVs in the early night hours. This without a doubt impacts children’s view of issues to do with sexuality, love, despise and social clashes. In certain films, a character ends it all, murder or makes tumult in their endeavor either communicate or to escape inconvenience. Every one of these happenings will undoubtedly demonstrate the character and character of youngsters since they are additionally presented to comparative conditions in this world. No big surprise instances of youthful expert sharpshooters have been accounted for in the ongoing past in our general public. The best test and hazard is that guardians and watchmen can't practice full power over what their youngsters experience and their introduction to data materials. Youngsters can for all intents and purposes get to any data anyplace regardless of whether they are denied access at home. Because of social-financial issues a few guardians have wound up in genuine clashes. A man and his significant other dole out retributions genuinely when reason neglects to profit answers for their problems that need to be addressed. This has presented numerous youngsters to absolute savagery and a large portion of them see this world as a cruel and riotous place and some create hostility in their offer to vanquish life’s challenges. Opposite end up savage when their strategies neglect to work. Youngsters face testing and clashing circumstances both at home and away from home. With expanding social-monetary difficulties, offspring of the world are presented to circumstances that impact their character and character early. Numerous guardians who are particularly excited about kid advancement are extremely on edge and fairly upset because of the falling apart ethics and social qualities. Malicious is instilled in children’s lie s at beginning periods of child’s advancement and a few guardians are just observing frantically as their youngsters evaporate in the soil of good rottenness. Guardians and gatekeepers are progressively worried about the consequences provided the guidance the current (present day) society has taken. For example, tranquilize use and maltreatment at youth stages. Medication use is a typical thing in schools. It involves extraordinary worry since a medication dependent youthful age spells fate to the eventual fate of the general public. Absence of restraint among the young people would result to deteriorating social-monetary frameworks. The other bothering issue is about the lessening enthusiasm for tutoring. Kids appear to seek after amusement and speedy cash workers to the detriment of a conventional arrangement of realizing, which consolidates all parts of human development improvement. This delivers a dull; dump and ridiculous club that would do not have the remotest thought of how to dynamically run the financial parts of our general public. Fun focuses are constantly clogged. Youths are seeking after distinction and cash (riches) no matter what in certain cases with desperate results. The youthful age is by all accounts hauling the whole society into Hades. Learning establishments appear to plan their projects to suit the impulses of the students this essentially being an aftereffect of steady articulation of dread and uneasiness by guardians whose children’s execution become inauspicious. The dread by the guardians is that the kids will undoubtedly create lack of engagement in instruction if their exhibition declines. There is an expanding want to score high evaluations and join better and profoundly positioned higher learning establishments. The individuals who neglect to quantify up resort to diversion parlors. A notice of physical development, wellness or stance would cause some passionate tremor. This is an issue of incredible worry among Americans. High monetary improvement rate has caused numerous youngsters to manage the cost of high calorific nourishments. Dietary patterns have changed and instances of corpulence have been expanding for a long time. Nonetheless, the expanding worries about the issue of body size, weight, stance and wellness is the explanation for the quick pace of development of the design magnificence and demonstrating industry. This brings up a heap of issues about the degree to which the kids ought to be permitted to settle on choices about their physical and passionate turn of events. Most guardians are amazingly restless about the improvements that may emerge over the span of development and advancement of their kids. Boulevards trodden by youths battling to hold up under enormous weight are typical in America. The issue of physical improvement among other social difficulties influences a child’s confidence. For example, an obesed kid is probably going to grow low confidence. Poor scholarly execution would likewise effectsly affect the confidence of a kid. Guardians are particularly worried about dietary patterns of their youngsters yet it despite everything stays a sly issue since numerous diners are being set up offering unhealthy and exceptionally appealing nourishments. What drives the youths to such dietary patterns and poor dietary projects stays a precarious riddle. As the guardians fight with the issue of food, one would point a denouncing finger at them since some relinquish their obligation as moms at beginning times of kid improvement. For example, some because of vocations quit breastfeeding a few days after conveyance. The obligation of taking care of the kid lays soundly on sitters, some of who may either need pivotal information on legitimate eating routine or others out of resistance dump unfortunate nourishments into the child’s belly. A youngster graduates to high school with a similar issue. Fatigue is an inclination that would very well portray the enthusiastic direction of most young people in our general public. Each conventional framework is by all accounts a drag to the youthful age. Homework is exhausting and many are hesitant to seek after advanced education. Guardians are especially conce

Abercrombie Fitch Essay Example

Abercrombie Fitch Essay Example Abercrombie Fitch Paper Abercrombie Fitch Paper Abercrombie Fitch is an attire way of life brand that repositioned itself with new administration from an outside brandishing great brand in 1992. They currently sell design arranged easygoing clothing having an East Coast legacy resulting with Ivy League customs, and joining it as a way of life base proposed for undergrads 18 to 22 years of age. (Hemscott, 2006) By advancing a way of life which can be outwardly performed by shrouding oneself in the marked external trappings related with that way of life, AF has taken advantage of a customer aching, a yearning not simply for garments, however for character. This character is showcased by its photography as solid, virile, and youthful manliness combined with an athletic, tom-innocent, young lady nearby form of womanhood. (Engel, 2004) Abercrombie Fitch utilizes a few promoting instruments to draw in their objective clients. Their image draws certain clients that fit the upper American ways of life, for example, complex, cool, appealing, style cognizant, compelling, and innovators. Their limited time blend includes utilizing sex request intensely to sell its items. Theres loads of in-store showcasing of visual introduction of the product, music, scents and even the business partners and store configuration are on the whole painstakingly chose to speak to the Adirondack style of Abercrombie Fitch. The store is outfitted with kayaks, enormous cowhide lounge chairs, moose heads, and dull Victorian style wood what's more there are huge surrounded banners shown in greyscale of the Abercrombie and Fitch models half stripped in sexual interesting postures. A portion of the enormous lead stores have man model with only pants on welcome clients at the entryway. Thet additionally use print media including magazines the principle promoting is print commercials in Interview, Out, Rolling Stone and Vanity Fair costing them around $2 million per year. They use to have their own one of a kind magazine/index, which was a major hotspot for publicizing their picture, yet the AF Quarterly magalog was pulled as a result of disputable issues with respect to the sub stance. (Driessen, 2005) Moreover Abercrombie Fitch has a site with shopping, music and picture downloads for their clients, giving them more access to the AF way of life. Abercrombie Fitch additionally keeps up a broad site on which web based shopping is one little part. The webpage incorporates a posting of mainstream MP3 downloads, a large group of different destinations to which the buyer should interface, access to a free email administration, a review of magazine-style highlight articles to be distributed in the following version of the AF Quarterly, reality-based film shorts called AF TV, just as an assortment of downloadable photographs from the most recent promoting effort. The explicit linkage among garments and way of life personality recommends that individuals who wear AF caps tune in to a specific kind of music, individuals who wear AF shirts surf these specific sites or play these specific games, and individuals who wear AF payload shorts read these particular books or watch these movies. To put it plainly, in a repetitious and self-strengthening dynamic, individuals who wear AF clothing embrace the AF way of life. Henceforth, what is bundled, mass delivered, and prepared for utilization isn't so much a substantial item, yet an emblematic personality. (Engel, 2004) Image is everything an adage that they truly take to an extraordinary. Abercrombie Fitch makes it simple for a client to fall into the AF way of life, by giving various approaches to recognize and connect themselves with the AF brand and the way of life it depicts. Abercrombie Fitch depends on a picture promoting procedure, making reflection, and way of life as center pieces of their sh owcasing. (Driessen, 2005) Sex sells, and AF are one of the organizations that has bounced on this fleeting trend. Another piece of their general showcasing is all the sexual abuse that they recommended with all the presenting models. This has leaded them into questionable issues throughout the years, yet they keep on utilizing provocative models in explicitly intriguing postures. At a certain point the chief of publicizing guaranteed, the main way he will change the present promoting approach is if the objective market, understudies, change what they need. (Edwards, 2003) This is for the most part with respect to the sex and drinking that a decent number of undergrads take an interest in. Abercrombie Fitch position its attire to be first class and superior to other comparable brands, particularly on the grounds that its a way of life brand. Target clients carry on with a specific way of life and Abercrombie Fitch turns out to be a piece of that once a client acknowledges the brand and starts buying it consistently. Target market of understudy relate in similar manners sex, school, late evenings, drinking, costly dress, and so on and may see Abercrombie Fitch advances these characteristics so they feel invited into the store and in the long run become acquainted with the item. The air of all the retail locations is likewise has a major impact of how the organization positions its self. How product is shown, what enrichments, hues and completes are utilized and even the temperature sounds and smell of a store all add to its atmospherics of the store picture. (Gun, Perreault, and McCarthy, 2008) Examples of these where referenced above and are utilized to show that AF is a one of a kind, progressively costly store, predominant way of life, than a portion of its rivals like American Eagle and Aeropostal, on the off chance t hat you lead the existence you should fit in with the fitting attire; THIERS. They show the understudies the entirety of the AF way of life exactly when they peruse through one of the stores. Abercrombie Fitchs incorporated advertising correspondences could be named as type of self articulation and way of life not simply attire. They keep up a counterculture picture that keeps on utilizing an assortment of media, remembering putting advertisements for upscale magazines, opening in rural shopping centers, and building up the AF Quarterly, AF list and AF TV. Corporate authorities and representatives characterize the Abercrombie and Fitch picture in the Abercrombie and Fitch models, which are on store banners, packs, gift vouchers, the site, inventory, and the magalog AF Quarterly, which carried light to the sex and promoting contention. (Driessen, 2005) Though the AF Quarterly was disputable, some asserting message to youth, was a way of life of semi-nakedness, bareness, and indiscrimination (Stroup, 2001, p. 56) so it delivered the last issue in December 2003. Also they produce plugs, which should go on digital TV and on screens in their stores. AF TV was just offered the companys site up to this point. A F intelligently comprehends that teenagers need to have a place, and has caught their dollars by ensuring they need to have a place with the lovely, selective world that the Abercrombie picture ventures (Reichert, 2003, p. 35 Quoted from Driessen, 2005). They have made brand character, which is an idea that is difficult for certain organizations to accomplish. Things they did well with respect to incorporated showcasing correspondence was the manner in which they made their picture and articulate it as a way of life brand, making it prevail according to the objective market. They use pictures, style, and things legitimately identified with understudies, which assistant appended them to their attire. They put their promotions in places that understudy would be see them like in shopping centers and well known magazines. The di or and music of the stores legitimately impact understudies and stream with their lifestyle. At that point they put cash in the AF Quarterly and the AF inventory, delivering them straightforwardly to the clients. Despite the fact that they quit giving the AF Quarterly at first this was a major wellspring of promoting and truly got their name and style out to the objective market. These methods all end up being productive methods of publicizing for their way of life brand. Things they fouled up with respect to coordinated promoting correspondence was the idea of sex in the vast majority of the publicizing and most of whiteness they depicted. These to issues have been an obstacle to Abercrombie Fitch. Indeed the school way of life has heaps of sex either in their lives or around them, however its not such a tasteful method of selling an item. Sex sells and it accomplished work, their item is one of the top attire lines with teenagers and undergrads. (Victor, 2007) Because its a way of life brand their message truly becomes sex, indiscrimination, and bareness, which they could have built up a somewhat better point of view with their image advancing something better. One of AFs most recent pictures above, which was to advance the new global store in London with an image of a male model. The organization is declaring its appearance with ads demonstrating a back perspective on a male model, whose pants are so low they uncover an exposed behind. Be that as it may, this is agreeable for a firm which has scandalized center America for over 10 years with its sex and stunning way to deal with style. (Poulter, 2007) Notwithstanding the sexual insinuation their advertisements and deals representatives were predominately white, which is practically bigot, since a wide range of understudies attend a university, not simply whites. School has a blend of various individuals, White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, and so forth so they should attempt to speak to all societies rather than one kind of understudy. Many occasions this has lead AF to court, one model, The claim charges that Abercrombie recruits an excessively white deals power, favors white workers for the best positions, and disheartens minorities from going after positions. Be that as it may, legal counselor and moderate anchor person Larry Elder says again and again cases like these end up in court. (More secure, 2004) AF additionally confronted work separation charges in 2004. A claim documented a month ago charges that the New Albany, Ohio, chain victimizes blacks, Hispanics and Asians with a corporate strategy that requires all sales reps to display an all-white A F look. (ConsumerAffairs. com, 2

ADHD and Anger Management for Children

ADHD and Anger Management for Children July 01, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Brand New Images/Getty Images It is not uncommon for children with ADHD to react in anger. It can be very difficult for these kids to manage and regulate their emotions. They may also be hypersensitive. Stressful or frustrating situations can quickly boil over into intense anger. Children with ADHD also have a tough time being able to stop and think through problems before reacting. As a parent, it can be hard to see your child losing control. While we can’t make the anger disappear, we can help our children better manage these intense reactions. Understand Triggers Be aware of what triggers your child’s angry meltdowns. Are there particular times of day that anger appears to peak? Are there any patterns? You may notice that after school time is most difficult as your child is able to let down his guard and release pent up feelings. It may be when he is feeling hungry or tired. There may be triggers that set him off like when he is experiencing frustration with a task. Also, times the medication is wearing off may be most difficult. Intervene Early As you become more aware of the triggers, you can begin to intervene before the anger comes to a full blown head. Be a calming presence. If your child responds well to physical contact, rub his back or arm. Encourage him to take a deep breath and count to 10. Do this along with him to help demonstrate this calming technique. Use Time Out Time out doesn’t have to be punitive. In fact, it shouldn’t be. Time out is a great way for your child to remove himself from the negative situation to take some time to cool down. Approach time out in this way. Pick a time when your child is happy and settled and talk with him about how to use time out. Give him a sense of control by having him chose a designated time out chair away from the hustle and bustle of the household. Now he will understand how to use it when he needs it. Once he does need a time out, you will have to provide guidance by walking with him to the designated time out chair. As he sits down in the chair (or stands by the chair if the movement is helpful), practice the deep breathing exercises with him. Don’t try to talk with him about the situation until he is calm and settled. Give him a lot of praise for being able to use time out to cool down, and then spend some time talking with him about what happened. If his anger led him to react by destroying his crayons and breaking them in two, ask him what he could have done differently to express his feelings in a way that is less harmful, more productive. Be aware of your voice tone and model calmness. Give him praise for coming up with positive alternative solutions. Label Feelings As you notice your child is beginning to feel frustrated, reflect upon his feelings. “That puzzle is really hard to put together! I see it is making you feel a little frustrated.” As you do this you will help your child become more aware of his own feelings. As awareness increases, you can help your child label his own feelings. If you got an update from the teacher that your child had a rough time with peers that day, spend time talking with him about how it felt. Help him to express his feelings to you by using words. Offer Choices Offering choices to your child gives him a sense of control. If you know that your child has difficulty with transitions such as clean up time, help him ease through this time by offering a choice. “Do you want to clean up the blocks first or the race cars?” Just be sure to limit the number of choices to two or three. Too many choices can make a child feel overwhelmed or over-stimulated. Make Sure Your Child Is Getting Plenty of Sleep Children with ADD/ADHD often have difficulties with sleep. When kids don’t get enough sleep they are more irritable and moody, have more trouble tolerating stress, are more easily frustrated, and overall symptoms of ADD/ADHD will be worse during the day. Model Good Anger Management Yourself It is very hard for children with ADD/ADHD to regulate their own emotions, but the more and more you can do to help your child understand his feelings and be more aware of alternative, more positive ways to react the better. One way to do this is through example. Teach by example, by not only responding in an appropriate manner but also by talking through the process so your child will better understand. Read Books Together Go to the library and pick out books that address feelings, especially related to anger, frustration, rejection, isolation, sadness, or any other difficult emotion your child frequently experiences. Ask the librarian for recommendations. Read these stories together with your child and discuss the feelings. Discuss the ways the character handles their feelings. How do the characters react? Could they have reacted differently? How might you react when faced with the same situation? Problem solve situations together and discuss positive steps characters can take. Spend Special Time Together Make sure you set aside regular times each day to spend  one on one time with your child. Make this time together with positive, loving and nurturing. So often kids with ADD/ADHD experience negative, negative, negative. They need to know that they are valued and loved. You as the parent can make a world of difference in your child’s positive sense of self. Special time with you is incredibly valuable.?

Horror Films By Edgar Allen Poe, Bram Stoker And Marry Shelly

Imagine you are at cinema. There is a lot of suspense and the scene, which you are watching, is quite intense. It is a monster silently stalking his next victim. It approaches closer and closer until it takes the victim with it’s claws and rips apart, ripping pones and spewing blood everywhere. That is a rather common description of one of the most popular film genres today: Horror. Beginning roughly 100 years ago, early horror films were based off of the writings of famous Gothic writers such as Edgar Allen Poe, Bram Stoker and Marry Shelly. However, it was later when the German Expressionism in the form of film dominated the industry, horror films started to develop stronger and stronger. Horror movies are film genre, which typically relates to two patterns as supernatural, massacre, violence and zombies. Each movie genre has different special influences on the auditors and that influence, in a situation of horror genre, is fear. This kind of film can simply understand as mo vies that try to get a negative emotional reaction from the audience. Horror movies affect our society and culture by the way they expose to audiences, how they influence other entertainment genres, and how they can be used to portray the worst in society. First of all, horror movies expose audiences to new horrors and items, which they usually do not see in everyday life. Audiences enjoy horror film because it allows them to experience events or meet people they would never meet in their daily lives.

Essay on Henry VII of England - 673 Words

Henry VII of England Introduction Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses, however to bring England to a powerful and also peace country he would have to sustain a full control of England. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became Henry VIII. How did he keep the nobles under control? Henry by all means had to keep the nobles his under control. This would have been one of his major priorities that he would have had to deal with in order to keep his country strong, powerful and reined by himself till death do him†¦show more content†¦Those who did not obey his orders would be locked up in the tower of London or executed. How did Henry stop the Lancaster and York families from fighting? After defeating Richard III Henry knew that they would not be pleased that he killed part of their family. So he had to thing this through either he would wait until the York family declared war or have peace with them. He chose to have peace because this would be very efficient of money but how would he do this? The York people wouldn’t accept an apology and Henry liked money so he wouldn’t bribe them so he thought of a very clever idea. His idea was to marry a member of the York family, Elizabeth of York. The red rose of Lancaster and the white rose of York produced the Tudor rose. The idea of bringing families together by marriage was used by Henry and his children. How did how keep the country rich? Henry obtained a great deal of money through his time. He did this by sending people to get money for him and taxing and insurance. This made him very unpopular and people called him a ‘miser’ somebody who hates spending, this was quite true because he never spent any money and when he wrote cheques He always wrote them himself. He didn’t buy an accountant because he didn’t want to spend the money and he also didn’t trust them. He saved 25 million pounds in today’s money. He was very efficient because after the battle not many nobles helped him so he didn’t spend much money. How did heShow MoreRelatedComparing Henry VIIIs Government in 1509 to 1514 to His Fathers1459 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Henry VIIIs Government in 1509 to 1514 to His Fathers From the transition of Old king to Young king we can assume there will be lots of differences in the personalities between Henry VII and Henry VIII, these differences are what makes Henry VIIIs policies and government different to that of his father. Henrys personality was quite amazing, his intelligence, learning and curiosity impressed the ambassadors who littered his court, and his thirst for knowledgeRead MoreWas Henry Vii an Innovator? Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pages‘Was Henry VII an Innovator? Henry VII born on the 28th of January of 1457 and died on the 21st of April of 1509 was the first of five Tudor kings and queens that ruled England for around 120 years, quite short for that time, but they become one of the most famous dynasties of Europe’s history. Henry VII took the throne after a battle against the former king Richard III whose forces outnumbered Henrys by two to one. Henry VII had a couple of big problems, one of them was that there were peopleRead MoreThe War of the Roses700 Words   |  3 Pagesrepresented by a white rose. The War of the Roses started because when Henry VI had the crown, he was ill so his cousin, Richard Plantagenet said that he would take care of England while Henry healed. 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These facts place her in the position o f a traditional sixteenth century woman by defining her as wife, mother, and daughter. In these roles, many women have been overlooked as the subject of their own study, and it certainly makes

Night World Soulmate Chapter 2 Free Essays

Hannah found herself on her feet. Her awareness was fragmented and understanding came to her in pieces because she simply couldn’t take in the whole situation at once. It was too bizarre. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Soulmate Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now At first she simply thought of a bomb. The explosion was that loud. Then she realized that something had come in the window, that it had come flying through the glass. And that it was in the room with her now, crouching among the broken shards of windowpane. Even then, she couldn’t identify it. It was too incongruous; her mind refused to recognize the shape immediately. Something pretty big-something dark, it offered. A body like a dog’s but set higher, with longer legs. Yellow eyes. And then, as if the right lens had suddenly clicked in front of her eyes, she saw it clearly. A wolf. There was a big black wolf in the room with her. It was a gorgeous animal, rangy and muscular, with ebony-colored fur and a white streak on its throat like a bolt of lightning. It was looking at her fixedly, with an almost human expression. Escaped fromYellowstone , Hannah thought dazedly. The naturalists were reintroducing wolves to the park, weren’t they? It couldn’t be wild; Ryan Harden’s great-grandpa had bragged for years about killing the last wolf in Amador county when he was a boy. Anyway, she told herself, wolves don’t attack people. They never attack people. A single wolf would never attack a full-grown teenager. And all the time her conscious mind was thinking this, something deeper was making her move. It made her back up slowly, never taking her eyes off the wolf, until she felt the bookcase behind her. There’s something you need to get, a voice in her mind was whispering to her. It wasn’t like the voice of another person, but it wasn’t exactly like her own mental voice, either. It was a voice like a dark cool wind: competent and rather bleak. Something you saw on a shelf earlier, it said. In an impossibly graceful motion, from eight feet away, the wolf leaped. There was no time to be scared. Hannah saw a bushy, flowing black arc coming at her and then she was slammed into the bookcase. For a while after that, everything was simply chaos. Books and knick-knacks were falling around her. She was trying to get her balance, trying to push the heaviness of a furry body away from her. The wolf was falling back, then jumping again as she twisted sideways to get away. And the strangest thing was that she actually was getting away. Or at least evading the worst of the wolf’s lunges, which seemed to be aimed at knocking her to the floor. Her body was moving as if this were, somehow instinctive to her, as if she knew how to do this. But I don’t know this. I never fight†¦ and I’ve certainly never played dodge ball with a wolf before†¦. As she thought it, her movements slowed. She didn’t feel sure and instinctive any longer. She felt confused. And the wolf seemed to know it. Its eyes glowed eerily yellow in the light of a lamp that was lying on its side. They were such strange eyes, more intense and more savage than any animal’s she’d ever seen. She saw it draw its legs beneath it. Move-now, the mysterious new part of her mind snapped. Hannah moved. The wolf hit the bookcase with incredible force, and then the bookcase itself was falling. Hannah flung herself sideways in time to avoid being crushed-but the case fell with an unholy noise directly in front of the door. Trapped, the dark cool voice in Hannah’s mind noted analytically. No exit anymore, except the window. â€Å"Hannah? Hannah?† It was Paul’s voice just outside the room. The door flew open-all of four inches. It jammed against the fallen bookcase. â€Å"God-what’s going on in there? Hannah? Hannah!† He sounded panicked now, banging the door uselessly against the blockage. Don’t think about him, the new part of Hannah’s mind said sharply, but Hannah couldn’t help it. He sounded so desperate. She opened her mouth to shout back to him, her concentration broken. And the wolf lunged. This time Hannah didn’t move fast enough. A terrible weight smashed into her and she was falling, flying. She landed hard, her head smacking into the floorboards. It hurt. Even as she felt it, everything grayed out. Her vision went sparkling, her mind soared away from the pain, and a strange thought flickered through her head. I’m dead now. It’s over again. Oh, Isis, Goddess of Life, guide me to the other world†¦. â€Å"Hannah! Hannah! What’s going on in there?† Paul’s frantic voice came to her dimly. Hannah’s vision cleared and the bizarre thoughts vanished. She wasn’t soaring in sparkling emptiness and she wasn’t dead. She was lying on the floor with a book’s sharp corner in the small of her back and a wolf on her chest. Even in the midst of her terror, she felt a strange appalled fascination. She had never seen a wild animal this close. She could see the white-tipped guard hairs standing erect on its face and neck; she could see saliva glistening on its lolling red tongue. She could smell its breath-humid and hot, vaguely dog-like but much wilder. And she couldn’t move, she realized. The wolf was as long as she was tall, and it weighed more than she did. Pinned underneath it, she was utterly helpless. All she could do was lie there shivering as the narrow, almost delicate muzzle got closer and closer to her face. Her eyes closed involuntarily as she felt the cold wetness of its nose on her cheek. It wasn’t an affectionate gesture. The wolf was nudging at strands of her hair that had fallen across her face. Using its muzzle like a hand to push the hair away. Oh, God, please make it stop, Hannah thought. But she was the only one who could stop this-and she didn’t know how. Now the cold nose was moving across her cheekbone. Its sniffing was loud in her ear. The wolf seemed to be smelling her, tasting her, and looking at her all at once. No. Not looking at me. Looking at my birthmark. It was another one of those ridiculous, impossible thoughts-and it snapped into place like the last piece in a puzzle deep inside her. Irrational as it was, Hannah felt absolutely certain it was true. And it set off the cool wind voice in her mind again. Reach out, the voice whispered, quiet and businesslike. Feel around you. The weapon has to be there somewhere. You saw it on the bookcase. Find it. The wolf stopped its explorations, seeming satisfied. It lifted its head†¦ and laughed. Really laughed. It was the eeriest and most frightening thing Hannah had ever seen. The big mouth opened, panting, showing teeth, and the yellow eyes blazed with hot bestial triumph. Hurry, hurry. Hannah’s eyes were helplessly fixed on the sharp white teeth ten inches away from her face, but her hand was creeping out, feeling along the smooth pine floorboards around her. Her fingers glided over books, over the feathery texture of a fern-and then over something square and cold and faced with glass. The wolf didn’t seem to notice. Its lips were pulling back farther and farther. Not laughing anymore. Hannah could see its short front teeth and its long curving canines. She could see its forehead wrinkling. And she could feel its body vibrate in a low and vicious growl. The sound of absolute savagery. The cool wind voice had taken over Hannah’s mind completely. It was telling her what would happen next. The wolf would sink his teeth into her throat and then shake her, tearing skin and ripping muscles away. Her blood would spray like a fountain. It would fill her severed windpipe and her lungs and her mouth. She would die gasping and choking, maybe drowning before she bled out. Except. . . that she had silver in her hand. A silver picture frame. Kill it, the cool voice whispered. You’ve got the right weapon. Hit it dead in the eye with a corner. Drive silver into its brain. Hannah’s ordinary mind didn’t even try to figure out how a picture frame could possibly be the right weapon. It didn’t object, either. But faint and faraway, there came another voice in her head. Like the cool wind voice, it wasn’t hers, but it wasn’t someone else’s, either. It was a clear crystal voice that seemed to sparkle in jeweled colors as it spoke. You are not a killer. You don’t kill. You have never killed, no matter what happened to you. You do not kill. I don’t kill, Hannah thought slowly, in agreement. Then you’re going to die, the cool wind voice said brutally, much louder than the crystal voice. Because this animal won’t stop until either it’s dead or you are. There’s no other way to deal with these creatures. Then it happened. The wolf’s mouth opened. In a lightning-fast move, it darted for her throat. Hannah didn’t think. She brought the picture frame up †¦ and slammed it into the side of the wolf’s head. Not into the eye. Into the ear. She felt the impact-hard metal against sensitive flesh. The wolf gave a yelping squeal and staggered sideways, shaking its head and hitting at its face with a forepaw. Its weight was off her for an instant, and an instant was all Hannah needed. Her body moved without her conscious direction, sliding out from under the wolf, twisting and jumping to her feet. She kept her grasp on the picture frame. Now. Look around! The bookcase-no, you can’t move it. The window! Go for the window. But the wolf had stopped shaking its head. Even as Hannah started across the room, it turned and saw her. In one flowing, bushy leap it put itself between her and the window. Then it stood looking at her, every hair on its body bristling. Its teeth were bared, its ears upright, and its eyes glared with pure hatred and menace. It’s going to spring, Hannah realized. I am not a killer. I can’t kill. You don’t have any choice- The wolf sprang. But it never reached her. Something else came soaring through the window and knocked it off course. This time, Hannah’s eyes and brain identified the creature at once. Another wolf. My God, what is going on? The new animal was gray-brown, smaller than the black wolf and not as striking. Its legs were amazingly delicate, twined with veins and sinews like a racehorse’s. A female, something faraway in Hannah’s mind said with dreamlike certainty. Both wolves had recovered their balance now. They were on their feet, bristling. The room smelled like a zoo. And now I’m really going to die, Hannah thought. I’m going to be torn to pieces by two wolves. She was still clutching the picture frame, but she knew there was no chance of fighting them both off at once. They were going to rip her to bits, quarreling over who got more of her. Her heart was pounding so hard that it shook her body, and her ears were ringing. The female wolf was staring at her with eyes more amber than yellow, and Hannah stared back, mesmerized, waiting for it to make its move. The wolf held the gaze for another moment, as if studying Hannah’s face-in particular the left side of her face. Her cheek. Then she turned her back to Hannah and faced the black wolf. And snarled. Protecting me, Hannah thought, stunned. It was unbelievable-but she was beyond disbelief at this point. She had stepped out of her ordinary life and into a fairy tale full of almost-human wolves. The entire world had gone crazy and all she could do was try to deal with each moment as it came. They’re going to fight, the cool wind voice in her mind told her. As soon as they’re into it, run for the window. At that moment everything erupted into bedlam. The gray wolf had launched herself at the black. The room echoed with the sound of snarling-and of teeth clicking together as both wolves snapped again and again. Hannah couldn’t make out what was going on in the fight. It was just a blurred chaos as the wolves circled and darted and leaped and ducked. But it was by far the most terrifying thing she had ever witnessed. Like the worst dog fight imaginable, like the feeding frenzy of sharks. Both animals seemed to have gone berserk. Suddenly there was a yelp of pain. Blood welled up on the gray female’s flank. She’s too small, Hannah thought. Too light. She doesn’t have a chance. Help her, the crystal voice whispered. It was an insane suggestion. Hannah couldn’t even imagine trying to get in the middle of that snarling whirlwind. But somehow she found herself moving anyway. Placing herself behind the gray wolf. It didn’t matter that she didn’t believe she was doing it, or that she had no idea how to team up with a wolf in fighting another wolf. She was there and she was holding her silver picture frame high. The black wolf pulled away from the fight to stare at her. And there they stood, all three of them panting, Hannah with fear and the wolves with exertion. They were frozen like a tableau in the middle of the wrecked office, all looking at each other tensely. The black wolf on one side, his eyes shining with single-minded menace. The gray wolf on the other, blood matting her coat, bits of fur floating away from her. And Hannah right behind her, holding up the picture frame in a shaking hand. Hannah’s ears were filled with the deep reverberating sound of growling. And then a deafening report that cut through the room like a knife. A gunshot. The black wolf yelped and staggered. Hannah’s senses had been focused on what was going on inside the room for so long that it was a shock to realize there was anything, outside it. She was dimly aware that Paul’s yells had stopped some time ago, but she hadn’t stopped to consider what that meant. Now, with adrenaline washing over her, she heard his voice. â€Å"Hannah! Get out of the way!† The shout was tense, edged with fear and anger- and determination. It came from the opposite side of the room, from the darkness outside the window. Paul was there at the broken window with a gun. His face was pale and his hand was shaking. He was aiming in the general direction of the wolves. If he fired again he might hit either of them. â€Å"Get into a corner!† The gun bobbed nervously. Hannah heard herself say, â€Å"Don’t shoot!† Her voice came out hoarse and unused-sounding. She moved to get in between the gun and the wolves. â€Å"Don’t shoot,† she said again. â€Å"Don’t hit the gray one.† â€Å"Hit the gray one?† Paul’s voice rose in something like hysterical laughter. â€Å"I don’t even know if I can hit the wall! This is the first time I’ve ever shot a gun. So just-just try to get out of the way!† â€Å"No!† Hannah moved toward him, holding out her hand. â€Å"I can shoot. Just give it to me-â€Å" â€Å"Just move out of the way-â€Å" The gun went off. For an instant Hannah couldn’t see where the bullet had gone and she wondered wildly if she had been shot. Then she saw that the black wolf was lurching backward. Blood dripped from its neck. Steel won’t kill it, the wind voice hissed. You’re only making it more angry. . But the black wolf was swinging its head to look with blazing eyes from Hannah with her picture frame to Paul with his gun, to the gray wolf with her teeth. The gray wolf snarled just then and Hannah had never seen an animal look closer to being smug. â€Å"One more shot†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paul breathed. â€Å"While it’s cornered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ears flat, the black wolf turned toward the only other window in the room. It launched into a vaulting leap straight toward the unbroken glass. There was a shattering crash as it went through. Glass fragments flew everywhere, tinkling. Hannah stared dizzily at the curtains swirling first outside, then inside the room, and then her head snapped around to look at the gray wolf. Amber eyes met hers directly. It was such a human stare†¦ and definitely the look of an equal. Almost the look of a friend. Then the gray wolf twisted and loped for the newly broken window. Two steps and a leap-she was through. From somewhere outside there came a long drawn-out howl of anger and defiance. It was fading, as if the wolf was moving away. Then silence. Hannah shut her eyes. Her knees literally felt as if they wanted to buckle. But she made herself move to the window, glass grating under her boots as she stared into the night. The moon was bright, one day past full. She thought she could just see a dark shape loping toward the open prairie, but it might have been her imagination. She let out her breath and sagged against the window. The silver picture frame fell to the floor. â€Å"Are you hurt? Are you okay?† Paul was climbing through the other window. He tripped on a waste-basket getting across the room, then he was beside her, grabbing for her shoulders, trying to look her over. â€Å"I think I’m all right.† She was numb, was what she was. She felt dazed and fragmented. He blinked at her. â€Å"Um .. . you have some particular fondness for gray wolves or something?† Hannah shook her head. How could she ever explain? They stared at each other for a moment, and then, simultaneously, they both sank to the floor, squatting among the shards of glass, breathing hard. Paul’s face was white, his red hair disheveled, his eyes large and stunned. He ran a shaky hand over his forehead, then put the gun down and patted it. He twisted his neck to stare at the wreck of his office, the overturned bookcase, the scattered books and knickknacks, the two broken windows, the glass fragments, the bullet hole, the flecks of blood, and the tufts of wolf hair that still drifted across the pine floorboards. Hannah said faintly, â€Å"So who was at the door?† Paul blinked twice. â€Å"Nobody. Nobody was at the door.† He added almost dreamily, â€Å"I wonder if wolves can ring doorbells?† â€Å"What?† Paul turned to look straight at her. â€Å"Has it ever occurred to you,† he blurted, â€Å"that you may not be paranoid after all? I mean, that something weird and uncanny really is out to get you?† â€Å"Very funny,† Hannah whispered â€Å"I mean-† Paul gestured around the room, half-laughing. He looked punch-drunk. â€Å"I mean, you said something was going to happen-and something did.† He stopped laughing and looked at her with wondering speculation. â€Å"You really did know, didn’t you?† Hannah glared at the man who was supposed to guide her back to sanity. â€Å"Are you crazy?† Paul blinked. He looked shocked and embarrassed, then he glanced away and shook his head. â€Å"God, I don’t know. Sorry; that wasn’t very professional, was it? But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stared out the window. â€Å"Well, for a moment it just seemed possible that you’ve got some kind of secret locked up there in your brain. Something†¦ extraordinary.† Hannah said nothing. She was trying to forget about too many things at once: the new part of her that whispered strategies, the wolves with human eyes, the silver picture frame. She had no idea what all these things added up to, and she didn’t want to know. She wanted to force them away from her and go back to the safe ordinary world ofSacajaweaHigh School . Paul cleared his throat, still looking out the window. His voice was uncertain and almost apologetic. â€Å"It can’t be true, of course. There’s got to be a rational explanation. But-well, if it were true, it occurs to me that somebody had better unlock that secret. Before something worse happens.† How to cite Night World : Soulmate Chapter 2, Essay examples

Masters Level Dissertation

Question: Describe about the role of aircraft component management in reducing the cost associated with maintenance. Answer: 1.0 Introduction The research work is intended to shed light on the concerned research topic i.e., role of aircraft component management in reducing the cost associated with maintenance. Therefore, in this regard the introduction chapter will be quite important for depicting the nooks and corners of the topic with a vivid details and information. For the initialization of the research this chapter will play an extremely important role. In this chapter a brief description about the background of the study along with the aims and objectives of the study will be given. It will also describe the rationale of the study. In other words, this chapter as a whole works as the guiding line of the entire research. 1.1 Background of the study Maintenance of components of an airline may account for nearly one fifth of the total maintenance cost of the company. However, a number of companies still make purchase decisions of component and repair of repair services in efficiently and that on a part by part basis (Anderson and Neri 2012). This study will provide the airline executives a more effective approach to deal with these issues and thereby help them to reduce maintenance cost and enhancing the reliability and performance as well. 1.2 Rationale Presently the airline industry is one of the most successful industries in the world. The airline industry is dependent on the level of customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction on the other hand is determined by the safety and punctuality. If either of these two fails, it will affect the customer satisfaction. Therefore, the effect of airlines component management over the maintenance cost is an issue that must be focused. Because of the flourishing nature of the airline companies, if this issue is solved and new component management approaches are provided to the airline executives they will be able to deal with the maintenance cost more efficiently and thereby will reduce the cost and increase customer satisfaction. Presently, the airline companies are faced with a number of problems regarding the maintenance cost, therefore it is essential to solve the issue as soon as possible. 1.3 Problem Statement As the success of an airline company is widely determined by the level of customer satisfaction it can provide, it is essential for the airline to aim at reducing the hazards associated with aircraft maintenance. This will increase the safety and comfort of the customers and thereby increase the level of satisfaction derived. On the other hand, inefficient maintenance requires a lot of time and thereby hampers the punctuality of the airlines (Campbell and Reyes-Picknell 2015). It can be harmful for the airlines as well because this reduces the customer satisfaction and this can also make the airline to be subject to legal framework. Therefore, it is quite essential for the airline companies to determine the exact method of management of components, this will help them to reduce the cost of maintenance and thereby increase the profitability. 1.4 Aims of the Research The broader aim of this research is to investigate and determine the perfect management strategy for managing the components of aircraft and thereby reduce the maintenance cost associated with the aircraft. 1.5 Objectives of the Research The objectives of the study is stated below, To investigate different aspects of aircraft component management. To investigate the relationship between aircraft component management with maintenance cost. To determine the different styles of component management To provide recommendations for improving the component management. 1.6 Research Questions What are the different aspects of aircraft component management? What is the relationship between component management and maintenance cost? What are the different styles of component management? What could be done to improve the component management? 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction According to Jardine and Tsang (2013), for a number of airlines replaceable units (LRU), maintenance of components, repair as well as overhaul puts a significantly vital challenge. There are a number of reason for which the airline companies experience an escalation in their maintenance cost. These reasons may include expiry of warranty coverage of the aircraft, availability of parts and management of other parts (Ferreiro et al. 2012). 2.2 Techniques of Aircraft Component Management A number of tactics are proven to be beneficial for effective management of components of aircrafts and thereby reduce the maintenance cost (Fritzsche 2012). Companies can reduce the cost of maintenance by leveraging the capabilities of the suppliers. This will in turn enable the airlines to reduce the maintenance risk and the reliability level as well. The airlines may build partnerships with the MRO providers by aligning the risk of the airlines. This partnership should be designed based on five principles (Cao et al. 2012), Developing detailed probabilistic model for maintenance cost and aircraft lifecycle. Leveraging the market costs. Risk alignment Determining and clarifying the gray areas. Managing sourcing process effectively. 2.3 Role of Aircraft Component Management in reducing maintenance cost In the era of excessive pressure between the airlines for minimizing cost, aircraft maintenance has become extremely important for maintain the bottom line of the competition. Designing the strategic deals and reestablishing relationship with the MRO and thereby gaining competitive advantage (Roy et al. 2013). A properly structured MRO partnership can also give the airlines an edge to become successful in the increasingly competitive environment. Aircraft component management is focused on minimizing the maintenance cost associated with the aircraft maintenance (Chester and Horvath 2012.). The framework is so designed that it will efficiently cover every aspects of component management so as to reduce the cost associated with component management. 2.4 Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Created by Author) 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction For acquiring required information from the theoretical framework along with the hypothetical framework stated in the previous episode, this section has dedicatedly tried to design a proper framework of research technique. This will help to achieve the aims and objectives of the research as well as answering the research question. 3.2 Research Paradigm (Positivism) The two types of research paradigm are interpretivism and positivism, and these two paradigms are used widely in the research works. The philosophy of positivism concentrates on investigating the research issues based on the truths and original facts after observing these factors effectively (Robson and McCartan 2016). However, interpretivism is not appropriate for this research and therefore positivism paradigm is selected. 3.3 Research Approach (Deductive) Based on the nature, research approaches are divided broadly into two categories, namely, inductive and deductive approach. For most of the research works deductive approach is beneficial because this approach first gains access to the available data (Robson and McCartan 2016). Then based on the data and using a top to bottom approach develops a theory after reviewing the available literature. On the contrary, inductive approach is more appropriate for building up new theories associated with the research problem. Hence it is justified for selecting deductive approach for this research work. 3.4 Research Rationale (Analytical/ Descriptive) According to Robson and McCartan (2016), explanatory, exploratory and analytical are the three research rationale which are used mostly in the research works. Explanatory rationale is more focused on developing a relationship between the two variables found in the investigated topic. Exploratory rationale on the other hand puts more importance on receiving the background data as the research topic is anticipated. However, analytical rationale focus on the relation between dependent, independent and unrestrained variables and thereby determines problems associated with the research topic. Therefore, as per these three rationales it is appropriate to chose Analytical principle. 3.5 Research Strategy The research strategy are conducting interview, focused groups, reviewing case studies and survey. A survey seems important for collecting data for the research as this collects data directly from the sample population in a time efficient manner. Interview is also another efficient method as this helps to collect data from a few but knowledgeable persons who are amalgamated with the research topic (Taylor et al. 2015). Hence, survey and interview method have been selected for conducting the research. 3.6 Method of data collection The required will be collected by distributing the questionnaire online among the 85 employees of Pacific Hawk. Along with this 5 respected managers of the company will also be interviewed. For the online collection of data simple random sampling method will be used. 3.7 Method of Data Analysis The collected data will be analyzed by using different statistical packages and represented via graphs, charts and tables. Here, MS Excel will be used for analyzing the collected data, determining and thereby representing the data with the help of graphs, charts and tables. 3.8 Limitations of the research The research work is subject to certain limitations as the fund provided to the student is limited. Moreover the time constraint and interviewing the managers despite their busy schedule is quite challenging. 3.9 Ethical Considerations The researcher will maintain all the ethical considerations involved with the research work. The data protection act will be followed in detail. The collected data will not be used for any personal purpose and will not be disclosed under any circumstances. Reference List: Anderson, R.T. and Neri, L. eds., 2012.Reliability-centered maintenance: management and engineering methods. Springer Science Business Media. Campbell, J.D. and Reyes-Picknell, J.V., 2015.Uptime: Strategies for excellence in maintenance management. CRC Press. Cao, W., Mecrow, B.C., Atkinson, G.J., Bennett, J.W. and Atkinson, D.J., 2012. Overview of electric motor technologies used for more electric aircraft (MEA).Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,59(9), pp.3523-3531. Chester, M. and Horvath, A., 2012. High-speed rail with emerging automobiles and aircraft can reduce environmental impacts in Californias future.Environmental Research Letters,7(3), p.034012. Ferreiro, S., Arnaiz, A., Sierra, B. and Irigoien, I., 2012. Application of Bayesian networks in prognostics for a new Integrated Vehicle Health Management concept.Expert Systems with Applications,39(7), pp.6402-6418. Fritzsche, R., 2012. Cost adjustment for single item pooling models using a dynamic failure rate: A calculation for the aircraft industry.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,48(6), pp.1065-1079. Jardine, A.K. and Tsang, A.H., 2013.Maintenance, replacement, and reliability: theory and applications. CRC press. Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016.Real world research. Wiley. Roy, R., Shaw, A., Erkoyuncu, J.A. and Redding, L., 2013. Through-life engineering services.Measurement and Control,46(6), pp.172-175. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Change Management Case Study

Background of the Organisation Organisational change comes about because of a company’s need to stay relevant and competitive in its respective industry. Change occurs when an organisation realises that its structures, principles and strategies are no longer as efficient as they should be. Following, is a case study of an organisation going through the process of change to ensure its survival.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Change Management: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suppose ABC Ltd is an organisation in the telecommunication industry. It operates in Asia, specifically India. This industry has two key players only: ABC Ltd and XYZ Ltd. ABC Ltd was the first to venture into the industry in the early 90’s. At this time, mobile phones were uncommon in this area and remained a preserve of the rich and the upper middle-income earners. In light of this, the company formulated its strat egies in a way that targeted the high-end market only. Its target customers, therefore, ranged from upper middle-income earners to high-income earners. While still a monopoly, this strategy continued to work efficiently with the company reporting growth in profits and experiencing a period of stability. In the late 90’s, XYZ Ltd decided to try its luck in the market. This is in light of the high returns and the vast opportunities that the industry offered. It, however, adopted a different strategy. XYZ Ltd recognised the fact that a large percentage of the population consisted of low-income earners. Its aim was, therefore, to capitalise on its competitors weaknesses. It set out to ensure that even the very poor people enjoy calling services. It tailored its products to suit everyone irrespective of their incomes. However, this strategy was short-term. Once the company had attained the desired market segment and achieved customer loyalty, it would raise its prices by a small m argin (Millmore, 2007). Consequently, ABC’s profits started falling and after a while, it started reporting losses. Its market share was also on the decline. Its management quickly recognised the need for change. It had to look for new ways to overturn the losses and win back its customers’ loyalty. In short, the problem was that of making losses and reduced customer loyalty. The strategy was to charge lower price compared to the competitor for its services. This would win back its customers and consequently lead to profits. This change would require a large financial outlay (Heuser, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Change Process Assuming ABC Ltd’s management decide to draw from Greiner’s six-phase change process, its change process would be as follows. Greiner identified the first stage as pressure and arousal. This meant that for the change process to begin, top management needed to be subjected to either internal or external pressure to change (Armstrong and Kotler, 2011). In our case, the company’s management was facing external pressure from XYZ Ltd as their competitor. The internal pressure came from the fact that they faced the task of explaining to the owners why the company was making losses. The second stage was intervention and re-orientation. This stage required management to work with an expert. The expert could be an outsider or a person working for the company. The catch was that, this expert had to report to the highest level of management. It was feared that management would simply ignore the problem if an expert were not involved. ABC Ltd therefore required a marketing and sales expert. The third stage called for recognition and diagnosis. It would involve the top management and the marketing and sales expert working with the low-level employees. They would carry out tasks in fact finding and problem solving. The importance of this stage would be to identify the various problems faced. In this case, the problems were reduced market share and the company was reporting losses. The fourth stage was invention and commitment. It would also require top management to work with both the expert and low-level managers. It would entail coming up with solutions to the problems identified. For this company the solution would be to cut on costs as it was making losses and its new strategies required a large financial outlay. It could do this by doing away with wasteful activities and taking away, some of the unnecessary benefits it provided for its employees. The importance of using the shared approach here was to avoid resistance later and simplify the implementation process (Carnal, 2007). The fifth stage was experimentation and search. Here the solutions made in the previous phase would be subjected to a series of test runs in some parts of the organisation. The last stage woul d be reinforcement and acceptance, which would entail introducing the changes on a large-scale basis throughout the organisation. This being the implementation stage, the company is bound to encounter some difficulties, which will be discussed below (Kaplan and Cooper, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Change Management: Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pitfalls in the Implementation Stage There are potential pitfalls that the organisation needs to consider during the implementation stage. Resistance to change is one of the key limitations. Resistance to change may be caused by a number of reasons. Primarily, resistance may be due to the lack of understanding on the part of employees. Employees may not understand why management sees change as necessary. The workers may also not understand the consequences of the changes introduced. Secondly, the employees may view the change as a threat to their job security. Self-interest on the part of employees is also a very big contributor to change resistance. Employees tend to resist change if the goals that the change aims to achieve are not in line with their personal goals. Lastly, failure of the management to make known their plans to the employees may lead to resistance, as most employees prefer stability rather than surprise. Another pitfall apart from resistance to change is that, once the change is implemented, there is always a chance that it may not bring about the changes that management desired (Kouvelis et al. 2006). Advantages of the Change Process Like any other process, the change process has its own advantages. Its success all depends on how management handled the change process. If the change process is handled effectively, then it yields vast benefits to the organisation. In the case of ABC Ltd, the advantages it would enjoy include change generally has been known to lead to increased profits. In ABC Ltd, effective change would see them turn over a new leaf which would see them report profits rather than losses (Green, 2009). Secondly, if ABC Ltd were to draw from Greiner’s six-phase model, which advocates for the shared approach, there would be increased employee involvement Hayes, J. (2010). This would give the employees an opportunity to voice fresh ideas. In short, change can be a great source of motivation for the employees. Effective change would also see ABC Ltd experience a growth in its market share especially since it competitor, XYZ Ltd is only planning on using their strategy on a short term basis(Green, 2009).. Change also gives the organisation an opportunity to grow this is necessary, as it would ensure that ABC Ltd survives in the face of stiff competition. Another advantage is that change allows for the development of both the employees and management (Green, 2009). Change keeps everyone in the organisation on their toes, as they have to keep coming up with new strateg ies to ensure their survival. In light of the development of employees and managers, change consequently leads to increased creativity and dynamicity in an organisation (Campbell, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disadvantages of the Change Process Limitations brought about by the change process are normally pegged on lack of proper handling of the process by management. This is not always true, as some disadvantages cannot be avoided. A major disadvantage of change is that, more often than not, it leads to resistance. In the case of ABC Ltd, the risk is higher as they are looking for ways to cut costs (Carnal, 2007). Therefore, assuming they do this by taking away some of the benefits given to employees, management may end up facing resistance from all sides. Change may also leave the organisation in a worse off place than before. With the need for ABC Ltd to change, comes along the need for a large financial outlay. For a company that has been reporting losses, this becomes very hard. They have to look for other ways of raising the money, as the revenues they get cannot even cover the costs of production. Change is inevitable; it ensures a company’s survival in the dynamic environme nt (Carnal, 2007). Reference List Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2011) Marketing: An Introduction. New York, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall. Campbell, D. (1998) Organizations and Business Environment. Oxford: Legoprint. Carnal, C. (2007) Managing Change in Organizations. Essex: Pearson Education. Green, M. (2009) Making Sense Of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change. New York: Wiley. Hayes, J. (2010) The Theory and Practice of Change Management. Harvard: Harvard Business Review. Heuser, B. (2010) The Evolution of Strategy: Thinking War from Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kaplan, R. S., Cooper, R. (2009) Cost and Effect: Using Integrated Cost Systems to Drive Profitability and Performance. London: Harvard Business School Press. Kouvelis, P. et al. (2006) Supply Chain Management Research, Production, and Operations Management. Review, Trends, and Opportunities. In: Production and Operations Managemen t, 15.3: 449–469. Millmore, M. (2007) Strategic Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues. Essex: Pearson Education. This essay on Change Management: Case Study was written and submitted by user Rex Lindsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Modern cars and classics essays

Modern cars and classics essays Cars, we all have or want one. We all can be put in one of two categories, a classic car lover or a lover of the new modern marvels. The question is classic or new? Well here are a few thoughts of mine that might help you decide the pros and the cons of both the classic car and the newer models. Modern cars are more gas efficient, therefor saving you money at the pump. They are also made with many man made materials instead of steel, and are built with parts that wear down within a few years. To make a modern car as powerful as its forefather, they invented the turbo. Modern cars are cute, get great miles per gallons of gas, and handle excellent. In a lot of ways are safer than classics. Modern cars are all Equipped with seat belts and air bags, where as classics did not. Alot of the manufacturers use recycled materials in their vehicles. In doing that it makes the car more affordable and its great for the environment. Classic cars were built to last, with hardy solid steel frames. So when or if you get in an accident they wont crumble and just fall apart. The proof is in the fact that there are so many classics still around. Classic cars also go up in value as long as they are taken care of, while a new car depreciates as soon as you drive it off the lot. The V-8 is the heart of those classics that keeps them running strong. But with everything there is a problem with classics. With some of the older models repair can get quite expensive. It can get expensive because parts can be hard to find and some mechanics dont even know where so start. You could also call some of the oldies gas hogs; the V-8 likes to drink it up. A lot of the manufacturers also used lead paint for their vehicles, fore which is bad for us and the environment. As you can see there are a lot of things to weight out when buying a vehicle. Either a classic beauty with classic lines and pure muscle or a modern car wit...

Hitler Youth of Germany and the Red Guards in China Essay

Hitler Youth of Germany and the Red Guards in China - Essay Example It was the second oldest paramilitary Nazi group, founded in 1922 as the Jungsturm Adolf Hitler, one year after the Sturmabteilung (SA) Stormtroopers. The group was based in Munich, Bavaria, and served as a recruiting ground for new Stormtroopers of the SA. The group was disbanded in 1923 following the abortive Beer Hall Putsch but was re-established in 1926, a year after the Nazi Party had been reorganized. The second Hitler Youth began in 1926 with an emphasis on national youth recruitment into the Nazi Party. Kurt Gruber, a law student and admirer of Hitler from Plauen in Saxony, home to many blue-collar workers, initiated the reconstruction of the League. Then in 1933, Baldur von Schirach served as the first Reichsjugendfuhrer (Reich Youth Leader) and devoted a great deal of time, finances, and manpower into the expansion of the Hitler Youth. By 1930, the group had over 25,000 members with the Bund Deutscher Madel (BDM) (League of German girls), for girls aged from fourteen to eighteen). The Deutsches Jungvolk was another Hitler Youth group, intended for still younger children, both boys and girls (Sohn-Rethel 23-24). In the People's Republic of China, the Red Guards were civilians who were the frontline implementers of the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1960s-1970s). Most Red Guards were youngsters in their mid-teens summoned by Chairman Mao Zedong to protect the forward progression of the Chinese Communist Party against "evil forces" such as imperialism and corruption, including those within the Communist Party who were identified as deviationists. Red Guards could be found in all aspects of Chinese society from the Foreign Ministry down to supervision of siblings. The Red Guards sat in the Foreign Ministry supervising officials while briefly seizing power from Chen Yi to conduct foreign affairs. Many Red Guards used their freedom to carry out personal vendettas. The original membership of the Hitler Youth was confined to Munich, and in 1923, the organization had just over one thousand members. In 1925, when the Nazi Party had been refounded, its membership grew to over 5,000. Five years later, the national Hitler Youth membership was at 25,000, at the end of 1932 (a few weeks before the Nazis came to power) it was at 107,956, and at the end of 1933, the Hitler Youth held a membership of 2,300,000. This rise for a large part came from the members of several other youth organizations the HJ had (more or less forcefully) been merged with, including the rather big one of the "evangelische Jugend" (600,000 members at the time), the YO of the Evangelical Church in Germany. In December of 1936, Hitler Youth membership stood at just over 5 million. That same month, the Hitler Youth became obligatory and membership was required by law (Gesetz uber die Hitlerjugend). This obligation was affirmed in 1939 with the Jugenddienstpflicht. Membership could be enforced even against the will of the parents. From that point, most of Germany's teenagers were incorporated into the Hitler Youth, and by 1940, the total membership reached eight million. Later war figures are difficult to calculate, since massive conscription efforts and a general call-up of boys as young as ten years old meant that virtually every young male in Germany was, in some way, connected to the Hitler Youth. The Hitler Youth had the basic motivation of training future "Aryan supermen" and future soldiers who would serve the Third Reich faithfully. Physical and military training took precedence over academic and scientific education in Hitler Youth

Kick-off Meetings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kick-off Meetings - Research Paper Example The team leader must assign different work to each of the members. A schedule of weekly meetings must be prepared. The team also has to set delivery dates to ensure the project is completed on time. â€Å"In any effective meeting, participants are better off when they have a clear understanding of how it will progress† (Sisco, 2002). Last semester I was involved in a project for school. During that project we had a kickoff meeting when it started. The kickoff meeting was a complete disaster. The members of the team did not communicate well. The members were constantly arguing with each other. Two people wanted the team leadership position. After the two hour meeting we did not accomplish anything. This experience taught me that kickoff meetings should be handled differently. In the future whenever I get a chance to participate in a kickoff meeting once again I will try to do things differently. The first thing that I will focus on during a kickoff meeting is to keep the lines of communication open. I will also act more proactively by performing research prior to the meeting in order to bring good ideas to the table from the start. Sisco, M. (2002). Follow these steps to conduct an effective project kickoff meeting. Retrieved February 27, 2013 from

Impact of Temperature on Viscosity of Liquid

Impact of Temperature on Viscosity of Liquid INTRODUCTION    Hydrodynamics, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of fluids, and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluids and in motion relative to them (2017). The study of fluids originated in Ancient Greece, was coupled with the works of Persian philosophers in Medieval times, and eventually, with many contributions made by scientists such as Archimedes, Leonardo Da Vinci and Isaac Newton, was developed into the branch of fluid dynamics that exists today (WiseGeek, 2017). Any substance can be classed as a fluidif it changes shape uniformly in response to external forces. Many characteristics of such a substance include; pressure, temperature, mass, density and viscosity (Washington.edu, 2017). The term viscosity is defined as a fluids resistance to flow in relation to its inner molecular structure, and is largely affected by temperature (Viscopedia, 2017). As the temperature of a fluid increases, so does the thermal/kinetic energy of its liquid molecules, which results in increased amounts of movement as the particles begin to move faster. Due to this increased amount of movement, the attractive binding energy of the fluid is reduced, consequently decreasing the fluids resistance to flow (Azom, 2013). This principle is demonstrated in the following theoretical figures, which depict the relationship between the temperatures and viscosities of various fluids:          From using the known viscosities of fluids at various temperatures, and developing functions that model these relationships in programs such as Microsoft Excel or on a graphics calculator, the approximate viscosity of a liquid at any temperature can be found by substituting values for temperature into the relevant formula. An example of this process is seen below: As seen in Figure 1, the equation that models the relationship between temperature and viscosity of water is y = 1.5396e-0.018x. If the temperature of the water was 4à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. y = 1.5396e-0.018x y = 1.5396e-0.018 x 4 y = 1.433 mPas Therefore, the viscosity of the water at 4à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C is 1.433 mPas. Viscosity is also what causes an object to slow as it travels through a fluid, and is one component in the phenomenon of drag force, the retarding force that acts opposite to the direction of motion of a body or object. The drag force of any object is dependent on the viscosity of the fluid it travels through, velocity of the object, reference area of the object, and the drag coefficient. The following formula can be used to calculate the total drag force acting upon an object (Wikipedia, 2017): Where: = Drag force (N), = Mass density of fluid (mPas), = Flow speed of object relative to fluid (ms-1), = Drag coefficient (no units), A = Reference area (m2) A worked example of this calculation with assumed and exact values is modelled below: Assume that for a flat surfaced mass travelling through water at 4à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. mPas = 0.3ms-1 0.82 A = 2.5 x 10-4 The values are then substituted into the drag force formulaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore the drag force of the mass travelling through water at 4à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C is approximately 4.6125 x 10-5N. One component of this force, as represented by in the drag force equation, is a drag coefficient (The Free Dictionary, 2017). As stated in The Physics of Sailing by Ryan M. Wilson (2010), intuitively, the drag should depend linearly on the density of the fluid in which the body is immersed (because force depends linearly on mass) and linearly on the area of the body that is exposed to the flow because the volume of fluid that must be displaced as the body moves through it is proportional to this area. A range of calculated drag coefficients for various shapes can be seen in Figure 3. It can therefore be concluded that the lower the drag coefficient of an object, the lower the amount of drag force that occurs as it travels through a fluid (Brock University, 2017). As seen in Figure 2, the drag coefficient of an object is reliant on its shape. It can be concluded that a mass with a flat reference area will travel almost two times slower than that with a spherical reference area. A conical reference area will cause an object to fall slightly slower than a spherical mass, but faster than one with a flat reference area. Theoretically, as deducted from Figure 2, it is concluded that a mass with a spherical reference area will travel faster than one with either a conical and flat surfaced reference area, the latter of these theoretically having the slowest time of fall through a liquid out of the three. Although many different fields of study incorporate knowledge of drag forces and viscosity, arguably one of the most important applications is found within the engineering of ships and the design of the hulls, specifically in relation to sailing competitions such as the Americas Cup. As one of the largest sailing races in the world, this competition has strict guidelines for ship design, consequently meaning that vessel engineers must find the best combinations (of measurements) to create the fastest ship possible (Krepal, 2014). When building, engineers must be familiar with the environmental sailing conditions of the race in order to build the most suitable hull with the least amount of drag this is determined in regards to the temperature of the sea and its viscosity. As calculating viscosity is a complex procedure, ship engineers often refer to data such as seen in Figure 2 to determine aspects of ship design. In regards to the speed of the ship, it can be concluded from previous knowledge on drag force that the lower the drag coefficient of a vessel, the easier it is for it to break through the water, overcoming shear force and resulting in a faster travelling time (Krepal, 2014). When unknown, the drag force formula can be rearranged to find the drag coefficient; however, often these values are computed from graphical designs of the ship as the phenomenon of drag force is dependent on many variables. Testing on model ships is also performed to determine how vessels will travel under different conditions (Mecaflux, 2013). HYPOTHESIS Based on the previous research, the hypothesis for this experiment is that: If a body is falling in a liquid, then i) the lower the viscosity of the liquid, which decreases as temperature increases, the faster will be the rate of fall of the object, and ii) the lower the drag coefficient of the body, the smaller its drag force will be, as the velocity of an object as it travels through a fluid is inversely proportional to the amount of resistance it encounters. METHOD The supplies needed 1L glass measuring cylinder, 2L water, 2kg honey, 2L canola oil, 3 x 53g cylindrical masses with different reference areas of the same 0.9cm radius (flat, spherical, streamlined/conical), a Thermomix, thermometer, a logbook and pencil, and a video recording device. All measurements and data were to be collected and stored in a logbook and on the video recording device. A risk assessment form was completed before the commencement of the experiment, in order to recognise any potential hazards regarding the equipment that was to be used. It was identified that any device used to heat up the liquids, and the hot liquids themselves, had potential to burn the person completing the experiment, and it was possible for the glass cylinder to topple over and shatter as it was filled with each liquid. Covered shoes were worn during the experimental procedures to protect the feet from any falling objects and glass, and care was taken when using heating devices and handling ho t liquids. As the hypothesis was written in two parts, there were two variables that remained constant depending on the experimental procedure (independent variables) the first was the temperature/viscosity of each liquid, and the second was the reference area of the masses travelling through each. The dependent variable in both was the velocity of the object. The equipment was set up for the experiment as depicted in Figure 6. 1L of each liquid was placed in the fridge and cooled to 5à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C. 1L of the first liquid, water, was heated in the Thermomix to 37à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C and then poured into the glass cylinder. The flat ended mass was dropped from the 1L mark, and its fall was timed and recorded on the video recording device. The object was then extracted from the bottom of the cylinder, and this process was repeated two more times. The flat ended mass was then removed, and the same procedure was performed again for both the spherical and conical shaped masses. After these tests were completed, the water was poured back into the Thermomix and was heated to 50à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C. Once at temperature, the water was again poured into the cylinder, and the previously stated processes were repeated for each mass. After these tests were completed, the water was poured into the Thermomix. The chilled water from the fridge was then take n out, checked with a thermometer to be at 4à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C, and poured into the cylinder for testing. The previously stated processes for each mass were repeated. After all of the masses had been dropped into the water at all three temperatures, the water was disposed of, and the experimental space cleaned up to prepare for the next round of testing. All results were recorded into various tables in the logbook, and later graphed for analysis. The second liquid, canola oil, was heated in the Thermomix to 35à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C and then poured into the glass cylinder. The previously stated procedures were repeated. All results were recorded into a table, and later graphed for analysis. The third liquid, honey, was heated in the Thermomix to 35à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C and then poured into the glass cylinder. The previously stated procedure was repeated. All results were recorded into a table, and later graphed for analysis. In this experiment, it is noted that apart from that which were independent and dependant, all other variables were controlled, consequently meaning that every aspect of the testing remained consistent. These controlled variables included the positioning of the glass cylinder and video recording device, the dropping point of the masses, the weight of the small masses used, the radius of the masses, the distance each mass fell, the type of oil and honey used, etc. By controlling all other variables, the results recorded from the testing become more accurate. RESULTS (HYPOTHESIS PART 1) CALCULATED VALUES FOR VISCOSITY By using the formulas generated from the Excel graphs in Figure 1, which model the relationships between the viscosity and temperature of each liquid, and substituting in the experimental temperatures for x (4, 37 and 50), the empirical viscosities of each fluid at different temperatures were calculated. The tables and graphs of these results follow, with all calculations performed recorded in the logbooks. WATER Temperature (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Viscosity (mPas) 4 1.433 37 0.791 50 0.626 y = 1.5396e-0.018x CANOLA OIL y = 186.16e-0.049x Temperature (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Viscosity (mPas) 4 153.026 37 30.375 50 16.064 HONEY y = 138468e-0.117x Temperature (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Viscosity (mPas) 4 86716.073 37 1825.108 50 398.774 Water Flat Surfaced Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time of Fall (s) 4 0.41 0.62 0.81 0.61 37 0.62 0.50 0.50 0.54 50 0.66 0.60 0.69 0.65 Spherical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time of Fall (s) 4 0.91 0.68 0.37 0.65 37 0.53 0.59 0.55 0.56 50 0.43 0.62 0.60 0.55 Conical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time of Fall (s) 4 0.40 0.57 0.54 0.50 37 0.78 0.50 0.62 0.63 50 0.59 0.50 0.43 0.51 Canola Oil Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time of Fall (s) 4 0.60 0.55 0.65 0.60 37 0.62 0.69 0.58 0.63 50 0.49 0.52 0.46 0.49 Flat Surfaced Mass Spherical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Rate of Fall (s) 4 0.63 0.59 0.69 0.636667 37 0.56 0.56 0.53 0.55 50 0.45 0.46 0.42 0.443333 Conical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Rate of Fall (s) 4 0.67 0.53 0.43 0.543333 37 0.46 0.49 0.38 0.443333 50 0.36 0.45 0.39 0.4 Honey Flat Surfaced Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Rate of Fall (s) 4 2040 2257.2 2008.2 2101.8 37 498.6 489 508.2 498.6 50 84 91.2 95.4 90.2 Spherical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Rate of Fall (s) 4 1428 1537.2 1362.6 1442.6 37 362.4 370.2 389.4 374 50 72 70.8 73.8 72.2 Conical Mass Temperature of Fluid (à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢C) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Rate of Fall (s) 4 1188 1135.2 1305 1209.4 37 307.2 305.4 320.4 311 50 66.6 65.4 67.2 66.4 HYPOTHESIS PART 2 CALCULATED DRAG FORCES Worked Example: Flat surfaced mass travelling through water at 4 °C mPas = 0.2916 ms-1 0.82 A = 2.545 x 10-4 The values are then substituted into the drag force formulaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ WATER: TEMPERATURE ( °C) DRAG FORCE (Nx10-5) Flat 4 4.3600 37 3.0830 50 1.6840 Spherical 4 3.9480 37 2.9358 50 2.4084 Conical 4 132.3700 37 46.0270 50 55.5820 CANOLA OIL: TEMPERATURE ( °C) DRAG FORCE (Nx10-5) Flat 4 483.020 37 86.971 50 76.033 Spherical 4 434.850 37 116.860 50 96.567 Conical 4 12120.000 37 3620.000 50 2320.000 HONEY: TEMPERATURE ( °C) DRAG FORCE (Nx10-5) Flat 4 0.0223060 37 0.0083423 50 0.0556950 Spherical 4 0.0485340 37 0.0151850